The benefits of Manuka Honey.... Monofloral, MGO, UMF, Antibacterial activity
What Does it all Mean?
A short history...
Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) has been a source of Māori medicine for centuries, with its bark and leaves offering various benefits. The arrival of European honey bees opened the door to Manuka honey production, but its special properties weren't recognised for a long time. In the early 20th Century Manuka was actually treated more like a weed than a productive native species, with many farmers clearing Manuka bush to make way for pastoral land.
In the 1970s and 80s, a group of NZ researchers led by Professor Peter Molan played a pivotal role in uncovering the unique characteristics of Manuka honey and its long lasting antibacterial activity. Dr. Molan's work established that Manuka honey has potent antibacterial properties, which are attributed to its high levels of methylglyoxal (MGO), a compound that gives Manuka honey its unique therapeutic qualities. He conducted numerous studies demonstrating the effectiveness of Manuka honey in treating wounds, burns, and infections, highlighting its ability to inhibit the growth of a wide range of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA.
His research significantly contributed to the recognition of Manuka honey as a valuable natural remedy in wound care and has led to its use in medical settings worldwide.
The Secret Sauce: Non-Peroxide Antibacterial Activity
Fresh raw honey naturally inhibits bacterial growth due to hydrogen peroxide, produced by glucose oxidase enzymes that the bees add to nectar. However, this activity weakens considerably over time and with exposure to heat. What Peter's research has shown is that Manuka Honey has a different kind of antibacterial activity in it, something he called Non Peroxide Activity (not a very original name right?)
It is this that sets Manuka honey apart from other types of honey, for 2 reasons
- It's antibacterial properties are long lasting- they do not diminish
- It's not Peroxide: This activity isn't dependent on hydrogen peroxide.
Professor Molan developed the NPA test, a specialised version of the standard test, where the peroxide is deactivated. This test measures the unique, non-peroxide activity of manuka honey.
NPA: The Antibacterial Hallmark of Manuka Honey
Most honey, both in New Zealand and elsewhere, lacks NPA. This special property is characteristic of mānuka honey.
The Science Behind NPA: From DHA to MGO
Professor Molan's research revealed the source of manuka honey's NPA. Here's the key:
- The nectar of Manuka flowers naturally contains dihydroxyacetone (DHA).
- As bees convert this into honey, some DHA transforms into MGO. This process continues over time, leading to a decrease in DHA and a rapid increase in MGO concentration, especially within the first few months after harvesting the honey.
- The MGO concentration directly correlates with the honey's NPA test result.
While trace amounts of DHA can be found in other plants elsewhere, only Leptospermum species tend to produce high levels of MGO naturally in their honey.
Methylglyoxal (MGO) Explained
Methylglyoxal is particularly significant because it is one of the key bioactive compounds responsible for Manuka honey's unique properties. MGO is derived from dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is naturally present in manuka flowers. During the conversion process, DHA in the honey gradually transforms into MGO over time.
MGO is believed to contribute to the antibacterial and antimicrobial activity of manuka honey, making it a sought-after product for its potential health benefits. The concentration of MGO in manuka honey is often used as a measure of its potency, with higher levels indicating stronger bioactivity.
What about Leptosperin?
Leptosperin is a compound found in certain species of leptospermum plants, commonly known as tea trees found in Australia and New Zealand.
It is a type of phytochemical that contributes to the unique properties of these plants. It is known to have antimicrobial properties, which makes it valuable in traditional medicine and potentially in modern applications as well.
It's presence in the nectar of certain tea tree species also contributes to the antibacterial properties found in monofloral manuka honey, which is derived from bees that feed on these plants.
Manuka Honey benefits
Honey for Wound Healing
New Zealand honey has been prized for its wound healing properties for centuries. Manuka honey, with high levels of MGO, offers strong antibacterial benefits. Its Methylglyoxal ensures a sterile environment, while its osmotic nature creates moist conditions that promote healing. Medical-grade Manuka Honey is used in hospitals in NZ and the UK, and FDA-approved bandages containing it are available in the USA.
LEARN MOREDigestion
Raw Manuka honey supports the natural digestive microbiome and alleviates issues like low stomach acid and bacterial overgrowth.
It contains inulin, a prebiotic soluble fiber promoting beneficial gut flora growth. Many
Immunity
Promising research shows that Manuka Honey stimulates the body's Cytokine production, aiding inflammation management, and possesses beneficial antioxidant properties for oxidative stress.
Coughs and cold
Honey has been recommended as a soothing remedy for a cough or sore throat in young children by the World Health Organisation.
It's great alternative to cough syrups
Skin Issues
Its anti-inflammatory properties make Manuka Honey ideal for treating acne, eczema, and dermatitis. It oxygenates pores, reducing bacterial growth and improving skin complexion.